“Profit Over People: Neoliberalism and Global Order” by Noam Chomsky is a compelling critique of neoliberalism, a political and economic ideology that has shaped global policies since the late 20th century. Chomsky, a renowned linguist and political commentator, dissects the impact of neoliberalism on societies worldwide, revealing how it prioritizes corporate profit over human welfare. This book challenges readers to question the dominant economic paradigms and consider their consequences on democracy, social justice, and global stability.

In the opening chapters, Chomsky traces the origins of neoliberalism, highlighting its roots in the ideas of economists like Friedrich Hayek and Milton Friedman. He explains how neoliberal policies gained traction in the 1970s and 1980s, particularly under the leadership of figures like Ronald Reagan in the United States and Margaret Thatcher in the United Kingdom. These leaders championed deregulation, privatization, and the reduction of government intervention in the economy.

Chomsky argues that neoliberalism has systematically dismantled the welfare state, leading to increased inequality and social fragmentation. One example he provides is the decline of public services in the United States, where neoliberal policies have led to underfunded schools, crumbling infrastructure, and a weakened social safety net. He also discusses the role of international institutions like the International Monetary Fund (IMF) and the World Trade Organization (WTO) in promoting neoliberal policies, often at the expense of developing countries.

A central theme in “Profit Over People” is the erosion of democracy under neoliberalism. Chomsky contends that corporations have gained unprecedented power, effectively undermining the democratic process. He points to the increasing influence of corporate lobbying in politics, which has skewed policy decisions in favor of the wealthy elite. This influence is evident in the deregulation of industries, tax cuts for the rich, and the weakening of labor unions.

Chomsky illustrates this with the example of the North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA). He argues that NAFTA was primarily designed to benefit multinational corporations, often at the expense of workers in all three member countries (the United States, Canada, and Mexico). The agreement led to job losses in the U.S. manufacturing sector, suppressed wages in Mexico, and empowered corporations to sue governments over regulations that threatened their profits. This, Chomsky asserts, is a clear demonstration of how neoliberalism prioritizes corporate interests over the well-being of ordinary citizens.

Chomsky expands his critique to the global stage, examining how neoliberalism has affected countries around the world. He discusses the imposition of structural adjustment programs (SAPs) by the IMF and the World Bank on developing nations, which often require drastic cuts in public spending, privatization of state assets, and the liberalization of markets. These policies, Chomsky argues, have led to widespread poverty, unemployment, and social unrest in many parts of the Global South.

One poignant example Chomsky provides is the economic crisis in Argentina in the late 1990s and early 2000s. Under pressure from the IMF, Argentina implemented severe austerity measures that led to a collapse of the economy, widespread poverty, and political instability. Chomsky highlights how these outcomes were not unique to Argentina but were seen in many other countries subjected to similar neoliberal policies.

Despite the dominance of neoliberalism, Chomsky emphasizes that resistance is possible and necessary. He discusses various grassroots movements and alternative models that challenge neoliberal orthodoxy. For instance, he highlights the Zapatista uprising in Mexico as a powerful example of indigenous resistance to neoliberalism. The Zapatistas opposed the implementation of NAFTA, which they saw as a threat to their land and livelihoods, and advocated for a more democratic and equitable society.

Chomsky also explores the potential of participatory economics (or “parecon”) as an alternative to neoliberal capitalism. This model, developed by economist Michael Albert, proposes a system in which workers and consumers have a direct say in economic decision-making, aiming to create a more just and democratic economy. Chomsky’s discussion of these alternatives serves as a reminder that neoliberalism is not the only path and that other, more equitable economic systems are possible.

“Profit Over People: Neoliberalism and Global Order” has had a significant impact on discussions about global economics and politics. Chomsky’s critique of neoliberalism has resonated with activists, academics, and policymakers who are concerned about the growing influence of corporations and the erosion of democratic institutions. The book remains relevant today, as debates over neoliberalism and its alternatives continue to shape political discourse worldwide.

In recent years, the rise of populist movements and the growing skepticism towards globalization have brought many of Chomsky’s arguments back into focus. The book’s analysis of the connection between neoliberalism and inequality is particularly pertinent in light of the growing wealth gap and the increasing concentration of power among a few multinational corporations.

“Profit Over People: Neoliberalism and Global Order” by Noam Chomsky offers a scathing critique of the neoliberal ideology that has dominated global politics for decades. Through detailed analysis and compelling examples, Chomsky exposes the ways in which neoliberalism prioritizes corporate profits over human welfare, undermines democracy, and exacerbates global inequality. The book challenges readers to rethink the current economic order and consider alternative models that prioritize social justice and democracy. As neoliberalism continues to influence global policies, Chomsky’s insights remain a crucial resource for understanding and resisting its impact on society.