Summary of “The Power of Unreasonable People: How Social Entrepreneurs Create Markets That Change the World” by John Elkington and Pamela Hartigan (2008)

Summary of

Entrepreneurship and StartupsSocial Entrepreneurship

Title: The Power of Unreasonable People: How Social Entrepreneurs Create Markets That Change the World
Authors: John Elkington and Pamela Hartigan
Year: 2008

Category: Social Entrepreneurship

Summary

Introduction
“The Power of Unreasonable People: How Social Entrepreneurs Create Markets That Change the World” is a compelling exploration of how social entrepreneurs drive transformative change by challenging conventional wisdom and leveraging business principles for social good. John Elkington and Pamela Hartigan delve into the lives and strategies of these innovators, offering practical advice and inspiring examples that demonstrate the power of persistence, creativity, and unyielding commitment to social progress.

Major Points and Concrete Actions

  1. Definition and Characteristics of Social Entrepreneurs
  2. Point: Social entrepreneurs are defined as individuals who pursue novel applications that have the potential to solve community-based problems.
  3. Example: The book discusses the story of Martin Fisher and Nick Moon, founders of KickStart, who developed affordable and sustainable farming tools to boost agricultural productivity in Africa.
  4. Action: Identify a social issue you are passionate about and think creatively about the possible business solutions that could address this challenge. Research existing solutions and consider how they might be improved or adapted to different contexts.

  5. Unreasonable Approach

  6. Point: Social entrepreneurs often adopt an “unreasonable” approach, meaning they persist in the face of opposition and believe in achieving what others deem impossible.
  7. Example: The authors highlight the work of Wendy Kopp, who founded Teach For America to address educational inequities despite skepticism from many quarters.
  8. Action: Develop resilience and be prepared to stand firm in your vision even when faced with criticism or doubt. Build a strong network of supporters who believe in your mission to help sustain your commitment.

  9. Innovative Solutions and Market Creation

  10. Point: Social entrepreneurs often create markets where none existed by developing innovative business models that address social issues.
  11. Example: The Grameen Bank, founded by Muhammad Yunus, is cited for creating a new market for microfinance, providing small loans to impoverished borrowers without requiring collateral.
  12. Action: Analyze existing market gaps in your area of interest and experiment with new business models that can fill those voids effectively. Pilot your idea on a small scale to test its viability.

  13. Blending Profit and Purpose

  14. Point: Successful social enterprises blend profit motives with social missions, ensuring sustainability and scalability.
  15. Example: SELCO India, founded by Harish Hande, delivers affordable solar energy solutions to underserved communities, balancing social impact with financial returns.
  16. Action: When designing your social enterprise, meticulously plan the financial aspects to ensure the venture can sustain itself while scaling its impact. Focus on creating a business model that attracts investment and generates revenue without compromising your social goals.

  17. Leveraging Partnerships

  18. Point: Partnerships with governments, businesses, and NGOs play a crucial role in scaling social ventures.
  19. Example: The authors describe how Aravind Eye Care System in India collaborates with various stakeholders to provide affordable eye care, performing thousands of free or low-cost surgeries annually.
  20. Action: Identify potential partners who share your vision and can provide complementary resources or expertise. Develop mutually beneficial relationships that can aid in scaling your impact.

  21. Measuring Impact

  22. Point: It is essential to measure the social impact of activities to refine strategies and demonstrate results to stakeholders.
  23. Example: BRAC (Bangladesh Rural Advancement Committee) uses various metrics to assess the effectiveness of its numerous programs, ensuring continuous improvement and accountability.
  24. Action: Establish clear metrics to track your social impact from the outset. Regularly analyze data and feedback to understand what works and what needs adjustment, ensuring continuous improvement.

  25. Adaptability and Innovation

  26. Point: The ability to adapt and innovate continuously is critical for social entrepreneurs to stay relevant and effective.
  27. Example: The book illustrates how Riders for Health, an organization that delivers health services to remote areas in Africa, constantly evolves its logistics and management practices to improve service delivery.
  28. Action: Foster a culture of innovation within your organization. Encourage experimentation and be willing to pivot when necessary based on feedback and changing conditions in your target community.

  29. Building a Strong Team

  30. Point: The success of social enterprises heavily relies on assembling a passionate and skilled team dedicated to the mission.
  31. Example: Sam Goldman and Ned Tozun, founders of d.light, built a diverse team combining expertise in engineering, marketing, and social sectors to develop and distribute affordable solar lighting to off-grid populations.
  32. Action: Recruit team members who share your commitment to the cause and possess the complementary skills needed to grow your enterprise. Invest in their development and foster a collaborative, mission-driven organizational culture.

  33. Funding and Investment

  34. Point: Securing funding for social enterprises demands a compelling narrative and a clear demonstration of both financial sustainability and social impact.
  35. Example: The authors discuss how Acumen Fund invests in social enterprises that show potential for scalability and significant social returns, providing not just capital but also strategic support.
  36. Action: Develop a robust business plan that outlines your social impact and financial projections. Network with impact investors, philanthropists, and social venture funds that align with your mission to secure the necessary resources.

  37. Advocacy and Policy Influence

  38. Point: Influencing policy and advocating for systemic change is a critical aspect of many social enterprises’ strategies.
  39. Example: Instituto para o Desenvolvimento do Investimento Social (IDIS) in Brazil works to foster a more conducive environment for philanthropy and social investment, engaging actively with policymakers.
  40. Action: Engage with policymakers and participate in advocacy efforts to create a favorable ecosystem for your social mission. Use your experiences and data to inform public policy and drive larger systemic changes.

Conclusion
In “The Power of Unreasonable People,” Elkington and Hartigan provide an illuminating guide for aspiring social entrepreneurs. By leveraging the examples and actionable insights from the book, individuals can cultivate the “unreasonable” mindset necessary to create impactful and sustainable solutions to some of the world’s most pressing social challenges. Embrace resilience, innovation, partnerships, and a clear focus on both profit and purpose to drive meaningful change.

Entrepreneurship and StartupsSocial Entrepreneurship